This article aims to analyze the relations between Brazil and China since 2003 to identify major lines of continuity and changes. The specific objectives are to map the main lines of Brazilian Foreign Policy, the perspective on the importance of China in bilateral relations and the main differences and challenges presented. The central argument is that changes in Brazilian Foreign Policy, especially with how Brazil perceives its position in the world and its relationship with major powers, have conditioned relations with China since 2003, causing fluctuations in the political relationship despite their growing economic interaction. The methodology is based on bibliographic analysis and the examination of Brazilian public diplomatic documents.